OLAC Logo OLAC resources in and about the Kwamera language

ISO 639-3: tnk

The combined catalog of all OLAC participants contains the following resources that are relevant to this language:

Other known names and dialect names: Ncfe, Nxnincfe

Use faceted search to explore resources for Kwamera language.

Primary texts

  1. ONLINEReport on Arthur Capell Estate by Peter Newton. Peter Newton. 1995. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC1-000
  2. ONLINEKwamera (Sameria): Boy and Coconuts, Aniwa: Prodigal Son, Imreang: Boy and Coconuts.. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (recorder). 1970. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC1-212
  3. ONLINEAneityum, Kwamera, ??, Lenakel, East Tanna. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (recorder). 1970. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC1-407
  4. ONLINEVanuatu languages. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (recorder). 1944. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC1-417
  5. ONLINELanguages of Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Arthur Capell (compiler). n.d. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC1-LT9
  6. ONLINEBlack notebook. Original material in unknown hand (probably a missionary), augmented later by Capell.. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (data_inputter); Peter Newton (depositor). 1900. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VFN12A
  7. ONLINESpirax note book, N.H. IV.. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1900. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VFN16
  8. ONLINEKwamera Text I. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN402
  9. ONLINEKwamera Text II. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN403
  10. ONLINEKwamera text 'Mwatiktiki'. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN404
  11. ONLINEKwamera texts and phrases. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN405
  12. ONLINEVanuatu languages comparative vocabularies I. Arthur Capell. 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN501
  13. ONLINEMap of Tanna Island showing dialectal variations in the term 'Master of the Canoe'. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN503
  14. ONLINEmarital problems [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder). 1982. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-004
  15. ONLINEroad issues [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder). 1982. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-005
  16. ONLINEland problems [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler). 1983. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-006A
  17. ONLINEtax issues [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder). 1983. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-008
  18. ONLINEelopement [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder). 1987. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-009
  19. ONLINEroad ownership/dance team [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder). 1987. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-010
  20. ONLINEKava origin myth [KASTOM STORIES]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Rapi Timo (speaker). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-011
  21. ONLINEKarapenumun. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Rapi Timo (speaker); Natu (speaker); Harry Iapwatu (speaker); Kasaia (speaker). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-012
  22. ONLINEGirl resurrected. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Joel Iau (speaker); Iaukarupwi (speaker); Misiuaren (speaker); Sam Usua (speaker); C. Macleod (speaker). 1979. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-013A
  23. ONLINEGirl resurrected. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Joel Iau (speaker); Iaukarupwi (speaker); Misiuaren (speaker); Sam Usua (speaker); C. McLeod (speaker). 1979. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-013B
  24. ONLINEKarapenumun and daughter [KASTOM STORIES]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Joel Iau (speaker). 1978. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-014
  25. ONLINEWW2 stories. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (depositor); Joel Iau (recorder); Kanoi Kamen (speaker); Jack Kimisak (speaker); Louie Nimoia (speaker); Jack Uiuia (speaker). 1987. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-015
  26. ONLINEWW2 stories. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Thomas Nouar (speaker). 1987. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-016
  27. ONLINEKava origin myth [KASTOM STORIES]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Rapi Timo (speaker); Joel Iau (speaker); Satig (speaker). 1978. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-017
  28. ONLINEWW2 stories. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Namrhi Joel (speaker). 1987. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-018
  29. ONLINELife History. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Rapi Timo (speaker). 1987. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-019
  30. ONLINEKwamera Phonetics (dictionary research). Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-020
  31. ONLINEPost-independence fighting on Tanna. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Anne Calvert (speaker); Ken Calvert (speaker); Simon Vani (participant). 1980. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-021
  32. ONLINEJohn Frum songs; Vanuaaku Pati story?. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder); Harry Iapwatu (speaker). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-022
  33. ONLINEJenesis Nakukua Moses Rakupun Mari. The Long Now Foundation. n.d. Glasgow: Glasgow Foundry Boys Societies Press. oai:rosettaproject.org:rosettaproject_tnk_gen-1

Lexical resources

  1. ONLINECrúbadán language data for Kwamera. Kevin Scannell. 2018. The Crúbadán Project. oai:crubadan.org:tnk
  2. ONLINELanguages of Tanna Island, Vanuatu. Arthur Capell (compiler). n.d. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC1-LT9
  3. ONLINEVocabularies of the New Hebrides languages. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1913. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VCOMVO201
  4. ONLINEBible texts in several Vanuatu languages. Arthur Capell. 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VCOMVO202
  5. ONLINESome word lists from the Southern New Hebrides by John Lynch. John Lynch. 1974. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VCOMVO203
  6. ONLINEBlack notebook. Original material in unknown hand (probably a missionary), augmented later by Capell.. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (data_inputter); Peter Newton (depositor). 1900. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VFN12A
  7. ONLINEPrefixes and suffixes in Lenakel, Kwamara and East Tanna. Arthur Capell. 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN102
  8. ONLINEPapers for Doctor Gunn in very poor condition.. Arthur Capell (compiler); Arthur Capell (researcher); Peter Newton (depositor). 1890. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN201B
  9. ONLINEVanuatu languages comparative vocabularies I. Arthur Capell. 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN501
  10. ONLINEKwamera dictionary. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler). n.d. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-dictionary
  11. ONLINEKwamera Swadesh List. n.a. n.d. The Rosetta Project: A Long Now Foundation Library of Human Language. oai:rosettaproject.org:rosettaproject_tnk_swadesh-1
  12. ONLINEA Comprehensive Comparison of Lexemes in the Major Languages of Tanna, Vanuatu. Nehrbass, Kenneth. 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:47767

Language descriptions

  1. ONLINEGlottolog 5.0 Resources for Kwamera. n.a. 2024. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. oai:glottolog.org:kwam1252
  2. ONLINEConsonant changes in New Hebrides languages. Arthur Capell. 1900. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VCOMVO204
  3. ONLINEPrefixes and suffixes in Lenakel, Kwamara and East Tanna. Arthur Capell. 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:AC2-VTAN102
  4. ONLINEKwamera Phonetics (dictionary research). Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Lamont Lindstrom (recorder). 1999. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-020
  5. ONLINEA Comparative Study of the Melanesian Languages. Ray, Sidney Herbert. 1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. oai:rosettaproject.org:rosettaproject_tnk_morsyn-1
  6. ONLINEComparative Austronesian Dictionary. Lindstrom, Lamont. 1995. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter. oai:rosettaproject.org:rosettaproject_tnk_phon-1
  7. Review of: Kwamera, by Lamont Lindstrom and John Lynch. Boswell, Freddy. 1996. SIL International. oai:sil.org:4057
  8. ONLINEWALS Online Resources for Kwamera. n.a. 2024. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. oai:wals.info:kwr

Other resources about the language

  1. ONLINEKwamera Dictionary: Nikukua Sai Nagkiariien Nininife. Lindstrom, Lamont. 1986. Australian National University. oai:refdb.wals.info:3724
  2. ONLINEKwamera. Lindstrom, Lamont; Lynch, John. 1994. Lincom Europa. oai:refdb.wals.info:3910
  3. Surrey Person Syncretism Database. Baerman, Matthew. 2002. University of Surrey. oai:surrey.smg.surrey.ac.uk:personsyncretism
  4. ONLINEKwamera: a language of Vanuatu. n.a. 2018. SIL International. oai:ethnologue.com:tnk
  5. ONLINELINGUIST List Resources for Kwamera. Damir Cavar, Director of Linguist List (editor); Malgorzata E. Cavar, Director of Linguist List (editor). 2017-09-27. The LINGUIST List (www.linguistlist.org). oai:linguistlist.org:lang_tnk
  6. Is eraha. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17525
  7. Dol rameimhə. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17527
  8. Kon. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17529
  9. Fwe ya skur. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17531
  10. Rəfo tanerei ramərukwafa ya nɨpəkɨr. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17532
  11. Yəku səi leitau. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17533
  12. Nɨf̃ər. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17534
  13. Nəpuei mhie ten. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17537
  14. Kesi. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17540
  15. Kurirə ya skur. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17542
  16. Moris mɨne Morkas. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17543
  17. Kiri mɨne sivɨr. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17544
  18. Səiou mənu kərman. Stapleton, Michele (translator); Dan, Nettie (translator). 2005. South Tanna Translation Committee. oai:sil.org:17545
  19. Iasur səvəi Ambrym. Nasu, David (translator). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56572
  20. Saon me ia Nəgkiariien. Stapleton, Michele. 2007. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56647
  21. Famli Kəsɨmwi. Nasu, David (translator). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56648
  22. Keihap əkwes Frog mɨne kwiəhi. Nasu, David (translator). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56651
  23. Net riti sə romajik irə. Nasu, David (translator). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56687
  24. Kwopun rəvəhak anan. Nasu, David (translator). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56688
  25. Kamkəri mɨne kiri. Nasu, David (translator). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56689
  26. Nɨmətaɡi Asori Ravehe. Nasu, David (translator). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56690
  27. Discourse Grammar of Nafe in Southeast Tanna. Stapleton, Erik; Raui, Alan (speaker); Tata, Nato (speaker). 2012. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56691
  28. Phonology sketch of the Nafe language South Tanna, Vanuatu. Stapleton, Erik. 2006. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56692
  29. Demographics of Southeast Tanna. Stapleton, Erik. 2006. SIL International. oai:sil.org:56696
  30. Nərmama. Stapleton, Michele. 2009. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57208
  31. Is ərəha. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57238
  32. Nemər. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57249
  33. Iəmə sə Rukurən Amasan ia Nuvhrəkɨnien Nimwə. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57302
  34. Iəku Səvəi Leitau. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57309
  35. Moris mɨne Morkas. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57310
  36. Səiou Menu Kərman. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57311
  37. Rəfo Tanerei Ramərkwafa Ia Nɨpəkɨr. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57314
  38. Nəpuəi Mhiə Ten. Nasu, David (translator). 2006. South Tanna Translation and Literacy Project. oai:sil.org:57315
  39. ONLINEland problems [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler); Uiuai (speaker); Iati (speaker). 1981. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-006B
  40. ONLINEhusband beats wife [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler). 1983. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-007A
  41. ONLINEhusband beats wife [DEBATE/DECISION-MAKING MEETINGS]. Lamont Lindstrom (compiler). 1983. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:LL1-007B
  42. ONLINEPan-pipe Music. Richard Shing (compiler); Kirk Huffman (recorder). 1980. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:VKS2-PANFLUTE
  43. ONLINEA Comparative Study of the Melanesian Languages. Ray, Sidney Herbert. 1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. oai:rosettaproject.org:rosettaproject_tnk_Contents-1
  44. ONLINEComparative Austronesian Dictionary. Lindstrom, Lamont. 1995. Berlin, Germany: Mouton de Gruyter. oai:rosettaproject.org:rosettaproject_tnk_detail-1
  45. ONLINEA Comparative Study of the Melanesian Languages. Ray, Sidney Herbert. 1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. oai:rosettaproject.org:rosettaproject_tnk_map-1

Other resources in the language

  1. ONLINETupunis meeting part 1. Jeremy Hammond (compiler); Jeremy Hammond (researcher); Nako Iawkelpi (speaker); John Nalawas (speaker). 2010. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:ISJHWS3-20100329
  2. ONLINETupunis meeting part 2. Jeremy Hammond (compiler); Jeremy Hammond (researcher); Nako Iawkelpi (speaker); John Nalawas (speaker); Job Nase (speaker). 2010. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:ISJHWS3-20100406JVC
  3. ONLINEFood exchange meeting. Jeremy Hammond (compiler); Jeremy Hammond (researcher); Nelson Napat (speaker). 2010. Pacific And Regional Archive for Digital Sources in Endangered Cultures (PARADISEC). oai:paradisec.org.au:ISJHWS3-20100423JVC
  4. ONLINENagkirien ruvani sumun savi savei Yerumanu saketaha ketir ramavahi umuru ketaha : kavahi nagkirien Kris, karaipen ya nagkirien kamani Kwamera, Tana ipare, Nyu Hebrides. n.a. 1890. Klasko : R. Makelhos. oai:pacific.library.manoa.hawaii.edu:548161
  5. ONLINEA comparative study of the Melanesian Island languages. Ray, Sidney Herbert, 1858-1939. 1926. London : Cambridge University Press. oai:pacific.library.manoa.hawaii.edu:878758
  6. ONLINENakukua i ramavisau nakur kameni iraha ya Baibel. n.a. 1890. Pesle, Skotland : J. em R. Parlan. oai:pacific.library.manoa.hawaii.edu:902658
  7. ONLINEErromanga, the martyr isle. Robertson, H. A. 1902. Toronto : Upper Canada Tract Society. oai:pacific.library.manoa.hawaii.edu:1175303
  8. ONLINEThe Polynesian languages in Melanesia. [With notes on the neighbouring Melanesian languages]. Ray, Sidney Herbert, 1858-1939. 1919. Wien. oai:pacific.library.manoa.hawaii.edu:1935814
  9. ONLINEThe linguistic history of southern Vanuatu. Lynch, John (John Dominic). 2001. Pacific linguistics ; 509. oai:pacific.library.manoa.hawaii.edu:2106619

Other known names and dialect names: Ncfe, Nxnincfe

Other search terms: dialect, vernacular, discourse, stories, conversation, dialogue, documentation, lexicon, dictionary, vocabulary, wordlist, phrase book, grammar, syntax, morphology, phonology, orthography

http://www.language-archives.org/language.php/tnk
Up-to-date as of: Fri Nov 22 7:26:11 EST 2024